Apology is speech act on which a considerable literature exists. Goffman (1971, as cited in Hidayati, 2005) views apology as a remedial interchange (work) with the function of changing the meaning that otherwise might be given into an act, transforming what could be seen as offensive into what can be seen as acceptable. Marian Owen (In Hidayati, 2005) interprets remedial interchanges including apologies and accounts as those concerned specifically with repairing damage to face, where past preservation itself becomes the object of the conversation for a time, however short.
Apology includes three main components: 1. Acknowledgement of the offense or provision of a truthful account of the offense so that the victim's experience can be publicly verified. 2. A willingness to admit wrongdoing or, in effect, issue a mea culpa (through my fault). To apologize is to declare voluntarily that one has no excuse, defense, justification, or explanation for the action. Implicit in this is the agreement to accept the consequences- social, legal, otherwise-that flow from having committed the wrongful act. 3. A willingness to state that the act will not be repeated –that is, to make pledge (implicit or explicit) to abide henceforth by the rules. Consequently, it is not acceptable to apologize for abusive behavior with the expectation that one will simply apologize again when the act is repeated.
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