2.2.1 Truth condition and Logical Form
The characterization of truth conditions is often said to be equivalent to equating meaning with the logical form of a sentence. In order to assess this equivalence, we must first consider what is normally meant by the term logical form.
The logical form of statement varies according to the structure of the argument. However a standard extension from the use of logical form in connection with the form of the argument is in connection with statement.
The logical form assigned to this argument
P Q
P
Therefore Q
For example,
If Socrates is 56 years-old, Socrates is an elderly.
Socrates is 56 years-old.
Therefore Socrates is an elderly
There are three apparent points of difference between truth condition and logical form. First the concept of logical form is attributed to statements, but the concept of having a truth condition have attributed to sentence. Secondly, the type of truth which logical forms are set up to characterize is logical truth, the so-called ‘truth of reason’, whereas it is analytic truth which we invoke in discussing truth conditions on sentences. Finally, the characterization of logical form is in terms of truth conditions.
2.2.2 Sentence versus Statement
The term statement is used in logic to refer to the content of what a sentence is used to assert on any particular occasions. Only statement play a part in arguments, accordingly only statements can be said t o have a logical form. Furthermore, a statement is any indicative sentence that is either true or false (Ernest 2006). All of kind of statement can be a form of sentence, but some of sentence cannot be a form of statement. Interrogatives, imperatives, and exclamations are sentences that are not statements. Because of that statement has a close relation with logical form. Statement is the indicator of the logical form of the sentence.
However, on this view of the sentence-statement distinction, it is possible to talk of truth conditions on sentence either, since this involves predicting truth of sentences, which is said not to be legitimate. Sentence can be said to have a truth value relative to a context is not thought to be as controversial a view ass it was once thought to be. For the example,
The sentence, ‘I am very hot on this day, 11 May 1977’
The statement shows that the writer is very hot on the eleventh day of May 1977, but the same sentence would be being used to make a different statement if uttered by someone else.
It is legitimate to assign truth condition to sentences, and if this assumption is justified, there is no conflict in extending the concept if logical form from that of statements to sentences. Since the logical form of a statement is a specification from which all inferences, relevant to logical form, can be drawn, therefore refer to the logical form of a sentence as a specification from which all inferences can be deduced by general rule.
The characterization of truth conditions is often said to be equivalent to equating meaning with the logical form of a sentence. In order to assess this equivalence, we must first consider what is normally meant by the term logical form.
The logical form of statement varies according to the structure of the argument. However a standard extension from the use of logical form in connection with the form of the argument is in connection with statement.
The logical form assigned to this argument
P Q
P
Therefore Q
For example,
If Socrates is 56 years-old, Socrates is an elderly.
Socrates is 56 years-old.
Therefore Socrates is an elderly
There are three apparent points of difference between truth condition and logical form. First the concept of logical form is attributed to statements, but the concept of having a truth condition have attributed to sentence. Secondly, the type of truth which logical forms are set up to characterize is logical truth, the so-called ‘truth of reason’, whereas it is analytic truth which we invoke in discussing truth conditions on sentences. Finally, the characterization of logical form is in terms of truth conditions.
2.2.2 Sentence versus Statement
The term statement is used in logic to refer to the content of what a sentence is used to assert on any particular occasions. Only statement play a part in arguments, accordingly only statements can be said t o have a logical form. Furthermore, a statement is any indicative sentence that is either true or false (Ernest 2006). All of kind of statement can be a form of sentence, but some of sentence cannot be a form of statement. Interrogatives, imperatives, and exclamations are sentences that are not statements. Because of that statement has a close relation with logical form. Statement is the indicator of the logical form of the sentence.
However, on this view of the sentence-statement distinction, it is possible to talk of truth conditions on sentence either, since this involves predicting truth of sentences, which is said not to be legitimate. Sentence can be said to have a truth value relative to a context is not thought to be as controversial a view ass it was once thought to be. For the example,
The sentence, ‘I am very hot on this day, 11 May 1977’
The statement shows that the writer is very hot on the eleventh day of May 1977, but the same sentence would be being used to make a different statement if uttered by someone else.
It is legitimate to assign truth condition to sentences, and if this assumption is justified, there is no conflict in extending the concept if logical form from that of statements to sentences. Since the logical form of a statement is a specification from which all inferences, relevant to logical form, can be drawn, therefore refer to the logical form of a sentence as a specification from which all inferences can be deduced by general rule.
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