Hymes' SPEAKING in Ethnography
Hymes, a sociolinguist, anthropologist, a folklorist of languages of the Pacific Northwest, and the founder of linguistic anthropology, in 1974 proposed an ethnographic framework which takes into account the various factors that are involved in speaking. An ethnography of a communicative event is best described as all of the factors that are relevant in understanding how that particular communicative event achieves its objectives.
There is a strong connection betweenspeech, human relations, and human understandings of the world. Hymes is particularly interested in how different language patterns shape different patterns of thought. He created what we call as “Dell Hymes Model of Speaking” and coined the term “communicative competence within language education"
Sociolinguist Dell Hymes developed the SPEAKING model to promote the analysis of discourse as a series of speech events and speech acts within a cultural context. His valuable model to assist the identification and labeling of components of linguistic interaction was driven by his view that, in order to speak a language correctly, one needs not only to learn its vocabulary and grammar, but also the context in which words are used.
The model was comprised of sixteen components that can be applied to many sorts of discourse: message form; message content; setting; scene; speaker/sender; addressor; hearer/receiver/audience; addressee; purposes (outcomes); purposes (goals); key; channels; forms of speech; norms of interaction; norms of interpretation; and genres (Hymes, 1974:53-62).
To facilitate the application of his representation, Hymes constructed the acronym, S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, which uses the first letters of terms for speech components. He grouped the sixteen components within eight divisions. The categories are simply listed in the order demanded by the mnemonic, not by importance. His categories are so productive and powerful in analysis that everyone can use this model to analyze many different kinds of discourse.
Hymes, a sociolinguist, anthropologist, a folklorist of languages of the Pacific Northwest, and the founder of linguistic anthropology, in 1974 proposed an ethnographic framework which takes into account the various factors that are involved in speaking. An ethnography of a communicative event is best described as all of the factors that are relevant in understanding how that particular communicative event achieves its objectives.
There is a strong connection betweenspeech, human relations, and human understandings of the world. Hymes is particularly interested in how different language patterns shape different patterns of thought. He created what we call as “Dell Hymes Model of Speaking” and coined the term “communicative competence within language education"
Sociolinguist Dell Hymes developed the SPEAKING model to promote the analysis of discourse as a series of speech events and speech acts within a cultural context. His valuable model to assist the identification and labeling of components of linguistic interaction was driven by his view that, in order to speak a language correctly, one needs not only to learn its vocabulary and grammar, but also the context in which words are used.
The model was comprised of sixteen components that can be applied to many sorts of discourse: message form; message content; setting; scene; speaker/sender; addressor; hearer/receiver/audience; addressee; purposes (outcomes); purposes (goals); key; channels; forms of speech; norms of interaction; norms of interpretation; and genres (Hymes, 1974:53-62).
To facilitate the application of his representation, Hymes constructed the acronym, S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, which uses the first letters of terms for speech components. He grouped the sixteen components within eight divisions. The categories are simply listed in the order demanded by the mnemonic, not by importance. His categories are so productive and powerful in analysis that everyone can use this model to analyze many different kinds of discourse.
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