Code-switching and code-mixing

    Code-switching is the process of changing language from one language to another, like from Indonesian language to English. There are three types of code-switching:
·    Extra-sentential code switching, or the insertion of a tag, e.g. ‘you know’, ‘I mean’, from one language into an utterance which is entirely in another language.
·    Intersentential code switching, or switch at clause/sentence boundary, one clause being in one language, the other clause in the other, e.g. ‘Saya tahu anda benar, but you cannot blame other people’.
·    Intrasentential code switching, where switches of different types occur within the clause boundary, including within the word boundary, e.g. ‘I ingin pergi ke school with my friend jam enam, so you have to prepare everything for me’.
Beside code-switching, speaker can also do code-mixing. Code mixing is using two or more language informally between people who we know closely. In this informal situation, we can freely use our language varieties, especially when there are some words which are untranslatable in other languages. For example:
Aku ingin meng-upload foto-fotoku di Facebook
Aku sering men-download film di internet
Sampean sudah makan?
These three sentences indicate mixing between two languages. First sentence is Indonesian language, but in the middle of this sentence there are words which are taken from English (upload, internet). In the second sentence, word download is from English. The speaker takes this word to speak in Indonesian language. The last sentence is mixing between Javanese (sampean) and Indonesian language (sudah makan?).